Lumina este singura care nu are masa?
Sau mai sunt si alte particule care nu au?

Dacă îmi permiţi o corectare: gluonul este particulă elementară, nu virtuală şi este un boson mediator al forţei tari dintre quarcuri.

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Pai daca e boson boson mediator nu e particula virtuala?
Spre exemplu fotonul exista atat ca particula reala, dar si ca particula virtuala atunci cand mediaza forta electromagnetica:
"The Coulomb force (static electric force) between electric charges. It is caused by the exchange of virtual photons."
"The magnetic field between magnetic dipoles. It is caused by the exchange of virtual photons."

Gluonul exista doar ca particula mediatoare/virtuala si mediaza forta tare.
"The strong nuclear force between quarks is the result of interaction of virtual gluons."


E o eroare de terminologie cumva?

"A force between two particles can be described either as the action of a force field generated by one particle on the other, or in terms of the exchange of VIRTUAL force carrier particles between them."
Sublinierea imi apartine.https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Force_carrier


"Elementary particles, whose interactions are described by a gauge theory, interact with each other by the exchange of gauge bosons—usually as VIRTUAL particles."
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauge_boson

"Which of the above categories do photon, graviton and gluon fall into? Virtual particle, force particle, or both?
The photon the Z, W and the gluon are called fundamental force carriers because their virtual exchanges dominate the first order diagrams in the electromagnetic, weak, and strong interactions respectively.

The photon when in an internal line as well as the W, Z are virtual, force carriers, but also can be on mass shell, real particles. The gluon due to the nature of the strong interaction is always in internal lines and thus always VIRTUAL. "

https://physics.stackexchange.com/......e-particle

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